Problem+Research

**Source Citation** "Animal Cruelty." //Gale Student Resources in Context//. Detroit: Gale, 2010. //Student Resources in Context//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CEJ2181500076&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w NOTES- • The definition of animal abuse/cruelty is legally defined as an act or violence or neglect that causes suffering or death to an animal. • There are 2 types of cruelty... Passive and Active • Passive cruelty can be defined as neglect or failing to take care or an animal and keep it in good health and well-being. • Passive cruelty can be classified as- a. failing to provide food, water, and/or shelter. b. failing to provide adequate shelter in extreme weather conditions. c. failing to provide medical care and treatment. d. abandonment or neglect • Active cruelty can be defined as an intentional act that causes injury or death to an animal. • Active cruelty can be classified as- a. torture b. beating c. mutilation d. shooting e. confinement in which there in an inadequate amount of food, water and/or fresh air. f. blood sports such as cockfighting, bullfighting, and dog-fighting. g. certain types of hunting. • Animal cruelty laws are only effective when a tame or domestic animal such as household pets, horses, and draught or other working animals are involved. • Animal hoarding is another type of passive abuse in which a person keeps an abnormal amount of animals in a confined space. • Animal hoarding can cause malnutrition, starvation, and disease in the suffering animal. • Animal abuse and neglect can lead to abuse and neglect to other human beings in the household. • Testing on animals is viewed as animal abuse because of the endless suffering they go through.
 * FROM GALE **

**Source Citation** Goodall, Emily. "Puppy mills." // Skipping Stones // May-Aug. 2011: 8. // Student Resources in Context //. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA257124535&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w NOTES- • Puppy mills are legal just like hunting and bullfighting but still is a form of animal cruelty; which is illegal. • Puppies are kept in small wire cages with no heating or air conditioning. i.e. cruelty • Dogs are killed once they are too old or too sick to reproduce. • Once the dogs are killed their bodies are put in dumpsters or scattered through fields. • 99% of puppies at pet shops are from a puppy mill. • In the small wire cages puppies usually loose a paw or leg due to the holes and sharp wire on the floor. • The puppies receive no veterinary care what so ever which causes puppies to spread diseases rapidly.

**Source Citation** "Animals by Cruelty Type | Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database." //Pet-Abuse.Com - Home//. 2001. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. . Source URL http://www.pet-abuse.com/pages/cruelty_database/statistics/animals_by_cruelty_type.php • As of Oct. 27 2011 there have been a. 362 cases filed of cruelty/abuse towards pet birds. b. 3153 cases filed of cruelty/abuse towards cats. c. 7898 cases filed of cruelty/abuse towards dogs that are not pit-bulls. d. 2228 cases filed of cruelty/abuse towards dogs that are pit-bulls. e. 357 cases filed of cruelty/abuse filed towards pet rabbits. f. 1507 cases filed of cruelty/abuse filed towards horses.

**SOURCE CITATION** Jamieson, Robert L., Jr. "TORTURE OF ANY SPECIES A VIOLATION OF NATURE." // Seattle Post-Intelligencer // [Seattle, WA] 6 Mar. 2008: B1. // Infotrac Newsstand //. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA176254662&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w  NOTES- • Monkeys are being restrained in chairs, their heads bolted so that they cannot move while being probed at the University of Washington. • The monkeys are kept hungry and thirsty so they will cooperate. • At first the college was saying that they only had 3 monkeys for testing but later people found out that there were really 14 monkeys being used for tests. • A white long-haired cat named Daisy Mae was shoot with a .22-caliber bullet in October. • A marine who is in Iraq flung a yelping puppy off a cliff. **SOURCE CITATION** "Animal Cruelty | Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database." //Pet-Abuse.Com - Home//. Web. 03 Nov. 2011. . Source URL http://www.pet-abuse.com/pages/animal_cruelty.php NOTES- • Body weight of an animal can say a lot which is why Purina created a system to help pet owners and investigators tell whether their pet is healthy or not. • There are nine levels in this system but there are five that are used the most. • Emaciated is when an animals ribs, backbones, pelvic bones, and more can easily be seen from a distance. Also there is no visible body fat, and there is an obvious loss of muscle mass. • Thin is when an animals ribs are easily palpated and may be visible with no apparent fat. Top of the backbone may be visible. Pelvic bones may become prominent. Also there will be an obvious waist and abdominal tuck. • Ideal is when an animals ribs are palpable without excess fat covering them. The animals abdomen seems tucked up when viewed from side. • Heavy is when an animals ribs are palpable with difficulty and the animals has a heavy fat cover. There is noticeable fat deposits over the lumbar area and base of tail. the waist is absent or barely visible and the abdominal tuck may be absent. • Grossly Obese is when an animals has a massive amount of fat deposits on the chest, spine, and at the base of the tail. The waist and abdominal tuck are completely absent. Also there are going to be fat deposits on the neck and legs and there is an obvious abdominal distension.
 * NOT FROM GALE**

http://www.mspca.org/programs/cruelty-prevention/animal-cruelty-information/ • In March 2008, a tethered Saint Bernard chewed off her own leg in an effort to break free from the cord she had become entangled in. Her owner, a Madisonville, Tennessee, resident, pleaded guilty to cruelty to animals. • A long-neglected dog underwent surgery in July 2008 after being found with his chain embedded in his neck in Proctorville, Ohio. The owner was charged with a misdemeanor. • A chained dog was beaten with a shovel, soaked with lighter fluid, and set on fire in Montgomery, Alabama, in September 2007. A 20-year-old man was later charged with felony cruelty to animals in connection with this incident. • A chained dog was injured when he was attacked by a coyote near Muncie, Indiana, in February 2005. • The rotting remains of a chained dog—who hadn't been fed or provided with water in 19 days—were reportedly found in the back yard of a Mendocino County, California, man in February 2005. • In December 2004, seven dead dogs and four starving survivors—some of whom were chained—were reportedly found in a Lafayette, Louisiana, yard. The animals' guardian was charged with 10 felony counts of cruelty to animals. • In August 2004, an Oklahoma City family apparently went on vacation but left its chained dogs without any food or water for up to two weeks. Authorities rescued two of the animals, but the third had apparently hanged herself when she tried to jump a fence in search of food. • Also in August 2004, a 9-month-old dog who was kept tethered to the front of her guardian's house was doused with paint and set on fire near Philadelphia. She had to be euthanized because of the extent of her injuries. • A Dania Beach, Florida, woman was charged with cruelty to animals after officials reportedly found her starved dog "near death" and tethered by a 6-inch electrical cord in June 2004. • A 78-year-old man's chained dog was set on fire and killed by vandals who trashed his Pembroke Township, Illinois, home in October 2003. The dog was doused with gasoline and engulfed in flames.